Knowledge Representation Intelligent Educational Systems

In this chapter, we deal with knowledge representation in intelligent educational systems (IESs). We make an effort to define requirements for knowledge representation (KR) in an IES. The requirements concern all stages of an IES’s life cycle (construction, operation and maintenance), all types of users (experts, engineers, learners) and all its modules (domain knowledge, user model, pedagogical model). We also briefly present and compare various KR schemes as far as the specified KR requirements are concerned. It appears that various hybrid approaches to knowledge representation can satisfy the requirements in a greater degree than that of single representations. Another finding is that there is not a hybrid scheme that can satisfy the requirements of all the modules of an IES. So, multiple representations or a multi-paradigm representation environment could provide a solution to requirements satisfaction.